The usage of sonata as the standard term for such works began somewhere in the 1770s. In the transition to the Classical period there were several names given to multimovement works, including divertimento, serenade, and partita, many of which are now regarded effectively as sonatas. The term came to apply both to the structure of individual movements (see Sonata form and History of sonata form) and to the layout of the movements in a multi-movement work. ![]() This evolution stretched over fifty years. ![]() The practice of the Classical period would become decisive for the sonata the term moved from being one of many terms indicating genres or forms, to designating the fundamental form of organization for large-scale works. The sonatas of Domenico Paradies are mild and elongated works with a graceful and melodious little second movement included. He composed over 70 sonatas, the great majority of which are of the solo type most of the rest are trio sonatas, and a very small number are of the multivoice type. They were admired for their great variety and invention.īoth the solo and trio sonatas of Vivaldi show parallels with the concerti he was writing at the same time. They are frequently virtuosic, and use more distant harmonic transitions and modulations than were common for other works of the time. Most of these pieces are in one binary-form movement only, with two parts that are in the same tempo and use the same thematic material, though occasionally there will be changes in tempo within the sections. The term sonata is also applied to the series of over 500 works for harpsichord solo, or sometimes for other keyboard instruments, by Domenico Scarlatti, originally published under the name Essercizi per il gravicembalo (Exercises for the Harpsichord). Although nearly half of Johann Sebastian Bach's 1,100 surviving compositions, arrangements, and transcriptions are instrumental works, only about 4% are sonatas. On the other hand, the features of sonata da chiesa and sonata da camera then tended to be freely intermixed. The sonata da camera consisted almost entirely of idealized dance-tunes. This scheme, however, was not very clearly defined, until the works of Arcangelo Corelli when it became the essential sonata and persisted as a tradition of Italian violin music. The sonata da chiesa, generally for one or more violins and bass, consisted normally of a slow introduction, a loosely fugued allegro, a cantabile slow movement, and a lively finale in some binary form suggesting affinity with the dance-tunes of the suite. : 21, 40 Although the four, five, or six movements of the sonata da chiesa are also most often in one key, one or two of the internal movements are sometimes in a contrasting tonality. 1710): the sonata da chiesa (that is, suitable for use in church), which was the type "rightly known as Sonatas", and the sonata da camera (proper for use at court), which consists of a prelude followed by a succession of dances, all in the same key. In the works of Arcangelo Corelli and his contemporaries, two broad classes of sonata were established, and were first described by Sébastien de Brossard in his Dictionaire de musique (third edition, Amsterdam, ca. History Baroque Individual sheet music of a sonata, written in the Baroque period. Sonatas for a solo instrument other than keyboard have been composed, as have sonatas for other combinations of instruments. After the Baroque period most works designated as sonatas specifically are performed by a solo instrument, most often a keyboard instrument, or by a solo instrument accompanied by a keyboard instrument. In the Baroque period, a sonata was for one or more instruments almost always with continuo. sonatine, the diminutive form of sonata, is often used for a short or technically easy sonata. ![]() Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas still maintain the same structure. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded-alongside the fugue-as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. By the early 19th century, it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. Sonata is a vague term, with varying meanings depending on the context and time period. : 17 The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until the Classical era, when it took on increasing importance. sonate from Latin and Italian: sonare, "to sound"), in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to a cantata (Latin and Italian cantare, "to sing"), a piece sung. ![]() Sonata ( / s ə ˈ n ɑː t ə/ Italian:, pl. Problems playing these files? See media help.
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